Billy Elliot Essay

Explain why the idea was memorable in the text(s) as a whole, supporting your points with examples of visual and/or oral language features. ‘Billy Elliot’ is a film directed by Stephen Daldry that tells of a twelve year old boy called Billy. Raised in a working class family, Billy had always possessed a love for dancing. However, set during 1984 in the small mining town of Everington, his dream of becoming a ballet dancer proves to be difficult. His father, Jacky and brother, Tony are also involved in the miners’ strike, which puts the family in financial difficulties. The main idea of this film is to pursue your dream and not to give up when there are obstacles in the way. Daldry uses Billy’s story to portray this as a memorable idea for the audience. At the beginning of the movie, Billy attends boxing classes at the local gymnasium. However, we see that Billy isn’t truly interested in boxing. One day when Billy stays behind at the gym, he becomes intrigued by the ballet classes held by Mrs Wilkinson. Rather than attending boxing classes, Billy begins to attend the ballet classes instead. As he spends more time learning ballet, Billy’s determination is also revealed. An example of this is the cross-cutting technique used to show Billy practising his pirouette. The cross cutting involves several different scenes of Billy practising to get his pirouette right. Some scenes are of him in his small bathroom and some are of him losing his patience. This shows Billy’s perseverance and determination as a dancer, a dancer that will keep practising despite not having enough space at home. Other than his determination, his passion for ballet dancing is also further revealed as Billy tries to extend himself as a ballet dancer. Daldry uses this montage to show the audience that you can get better at something with practise, even without the proper tools or environment that you are in. This was also memorable because the audience can be inspired by Billy’s determination to practise at what you love. In the film, Billy’s major obstacle is the opinion of the small mining community he lives in. Many of the people in his town believe that ballet is a feminine dance and if a male were to do ballet then he must be a ‘poof’ (homosexual). His own father and brother also feel this way about him doing ballet. An example of the public’s opinion was right after Billy successfully completed a pirouette. Mr Braithwaite, pianist at his ballet class, tells Billy quietly, ‘You look like a right wanker if you ask me, son’. In this dialogue, Mr Braithwaite represents the public’s opinion on a male ballet dancer. Another example is Jacky’s opinion on him doing ballet, ‘Lads do boxin’ or wrestlin’ or football†¦ not figgin’ ballet! This reveals Billy’s major barrier to his dream because he needs to overcome the community’s opinion and most importantly his father’s opinion until he can become a ballet dancer. Billy eventually overcomes this; however, this obstacle did help make the main idea memorable. Facing public opinions is something the audience can often relate to, and Billy’s story allows the audience to feel sympathetic towards him. Despite obstacles in his way; financial difficulties and public opinion, Billy eventually gets admitted into the Royal Ballet School. The ending is set fifteen years in advance where the audience sees Jacky and Tony travelling to London to attend a ballet concert of Swan Lake. As we see the older Billy limbering up, suspense builds as the audience are only shown the backs and limbs of older Billy. When Billy runs on to the stage performing a grand jete a freeze frame is used to capture the perfected finesse. The freeze frame effectively revealed to the audience Billy’s physique, skill and confidence the he has achieved over the past fifteen years. Daldry uses this as the ending to show the audience that reward can be sown after determination and training. The freeze frame itself was a memorable conclusion to the film and Billy’s story, however it also serves as a memorable reminder to the audience that success can be earned with hard work and perseverance. Therefore, to conclude, Daldry has used techniques such as cross cutting, dialogue and freeze frame to help convey a memorable idea. The main idea of following your dream and overcoming obstacles.

Mcdonalds Energy Drink Research Report Essay

The purpose of this report is to investigate past trends and forecasts of the energy drink market. Included in this report, is information on market size, target population and statistical data on growth history and growth projections. The aim is to determine if adding energy drinks to McDonalds offerings will create a profitable segment for their menu. The market research collected and contained in this report consists of secondary data. This research was authorized by: McDonalds Corporation. Current market research shows that the energy drink market has grown into a multi-billion dollar business, which has been reported as being the fastest growing segment in the beverage industry since bottled water. The US energy drink industry is expected to more than double in the 5 years preceding 2013. (Comprehensive Reviews) Eighteen to twenty-four year olds or college students are the largest segment of energy drink consumers. (NutritionJ) The conclusion of this report suggests that the growth of the energy drink market has been greater than most other liquid refreshment beverage sectors in the US in the past five years and that this trend will continue. It is recommended that McDonalds Corporation add energy drinks to their offerings and target college-aged students. Introduction Fast food consumption in the US has declined during the recent economic crisis. To stay profitable, many fast food chains have introduced low-cost or â€Å"value† items too keep sales up. Along with low-cost items, many fast food chains have added specialized items or niche items to attract customers that can more conveniently buy these at a fast food store. McEnergy 3 Energy drinks have continued to gain popularity since Red Bull was launched in 1997. More than 500 new energy drinks were launched worldwide in 2006 and beverage companies are reaping the rewards of the exploding energy drink industry. This report examines the energy drink market and its potential to become a niche item in a fast food chain along with the population to target. Methods. This report was conducted using a secondary statistical data and secondary research that was gathered using a focus group and survey of college age participants. The statistical data was obtained from New York City-based Beverage Marketing Corporation which is the leading research firm dedicated to the global beverage industry. The statistical data regarding the previous growth patterns and growth forecasts will be discussed in the results. The focus group and survey were done by Nutrition Journal and focuses on energy drink consumption patterns among college students. The survey was based on responses from a 32-member college student focus group and a field test, a 19-item survey was used to energy drink consumption patterns of 496 randomly surveyed college students. (nutritionj) The population was defined as undergraduate students at a state university located in the Central Atlantic Region of the United States. 85% of the undergraduates were 18-24 years of age, 12% were 25-40 years of age and 3% 41 years of age or older. Sixty two percent of the entire student body is female. The sampling units were individual college students that were generated with a McEnergy 4 non-probability method of asking students around campus if they would like to participate. (Nutritionj) Results Fifty one percent of participants reported consuming at least one, energy drinks a month. Thirty four percent of participant reported consuming at least two energy drinks a month. Table 1 % of college energy drink users reporting amount and frequency of energy drink consumption by situation in an average month Energy drinks consumed Days/month ________________________________________________ Situation n 1 2 >2 1-4 5-10 >10 Insufficient Sleep 169 64 22 14 74 18 8. Need general energy 165 63 21 16 74 18 8 Studying or project 125 50 36 14 85 10 5 Driving long distance 114 63 23 14 86 9 5 With alcohol 136 27 24 49 73 18 9 Treat hangover 42 74 10 16 74 14 12 N= 253 college energy drink users (nutritionj) The US refreshment beverage market grew by 1. 2% in 2010The growth of the energy drinks market is up 5. 4% in the past year. (beveragemarketing) From 2004 to 2009 the McEnergy 5 overall growth of the energy market is up over 240% (Wiley) The shift from consumption of sports drinks such as Gatorade and Powerade towards energy drinks should continue. In the last year, carbonated soft drinks remain the largest liquid refreshment beverages category but their volume slipped 0. 8% from 13. 9 billion gallons in 2009 to 13. 8 billion gallons in 2010, which resulted in their market share decreasing. (beveragemarketing) Table 2 U. S Liquid Refreshment Beverage Market Change in Volume by Segment 2009-2010 Percent Change Segments 2009-2010 RTD Tea 12. 5% Sports Drinks 9. 4% RTD Coffee 8. 1% Energy Drinks 5. 4% Bottled Water 3. 5% Value-Added Water 0. 2% Fruit Beverages -2. 0% Carbonated Soft Drinks -0. 8% Total LRB 1. 2% Source: Beverage Marketing Corporation (BeverageMarketing) McEnergy 6 Conclusion The energy drink market has grown into a multi-billion dollar business, which has been reported as being the fastest growing segment in the beverage industry since bottled water. Having grown 240% in the past five years, the only beverage sectors to grow faster that energy drinks last year were ready-to-drink tea, ready-to-drink coffee and sports drinks. McDonalds already distributes these other three beverages and would benefit by adding the next fastest growing beverage sector, energy drinks. Despite the large market share that carbonated beverages owns, there is a demand and shift towards other beverage sectors as evidenced by a decrease in carbonated beverage market share last year. A large segment of energy drink consumers is the college-aged consumer. With over 50% of college students drinking at least one energy drink a month and 34% at least two a month, this would be a good population to target. Recommendations Include energy drinks to the offerings at McDonalds fast food restaurants. Target college-aged students with initial locations and marketing strategies. McEnergy 7 References: – Gonzalez de Mejia, E. & Heckman, M. A. & Sherry, K. (2010). Energy Drinks: An Assessment of Their Market Size, Consumer Demographics, Ingredient Profile, Functionality, and Regulations in The United States. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety. Retrieved from: http://onlinelibrary. wiley. com/doi/10. 1111/j. 1541-4337. 2010. 00111. x/pdf – West, T. (2011). The Energy Market is Still Full of Growth Potential Reports. Wholesale News. Retrieved from: http://web. ebscohost. com. lib. kaplan.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer? vid=12&hid=123&sid=eeec713f-80bc-4ca6-b6ce-02c68e0f1f50%40sessionmgr112 – The US Liquid Refreshment Beverage Market Increased by 1. 2% in 2010. (March 2011). Beverage Marketing Corporation Reports. Retrieved from: http://www. beveragemarketing. com/? section=pressreleases – Aeby, V. G. & Barber-Heidal, K. & Carpenter-Aeby, T & Malinauskas, B. M, & Overton, R. F. (2007). A Survey of Energy Drink Consumption Patterns Among College Students. Nutrition Journal. Retrieved from: http://www. nutritionj. com/content/6/1/35.

Business strategy, researching tesco Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Business strategy, researching tesco - Essay Example It is clear that the high standards set by those in leadership and management positions at Tesco have tremendously contributed to the company’s success. The company’s ‘Every Little Helps’ philosophy ensures that its customers, the community, and company employees form an integral part of its operations. 1.1 Company Core Values and Objectives The most outstanding values of the company are its commitment to providing high standards of service and quality products to its customers by being a responsible retailer. The company continues to offer a great shopping experience to its customers who shop online or it its many other service provisions. This is manifest in the company’s desired future strategic position of reaching zero-carbon operations by the year 2050. In order to do so, the company opened the initial zero-carbon hypermarket in Ramsey in 2010, which led to Tesco winning the tribute as the Green Retailer of the Year in 2012. The continued succe ss the giant retailer enjoys depends on the reassessment and formulation of business strategies in order to remain competitive and increase profitability (David, 2011). Tesco aspires to improve customer loyalty and its core UK business base through various programs such as the club card program introduced in 1995 and is currently the most popular card in the UK. The company also continues to develop various strategies aimed at improving competitiveness and such strategies are mainly driven by price, quality, range of products and innovation. This paper examines corporate strategies at Tesco, the reasons informing each component, how vision and company values interrelate to make the strategies successful, and finally draws on a conclusion on the best alternative strategies that the company can adopt by giving recommendations based on the evaluation. 2.0 Tesco’s Corporate Strategic Position Over the years since it started operations, Tesco has developed a firm and deeply rooted strategy for growth, which is mainly focused on reinforcing the company’s core UK business operations and growth thrust in new markets. The primary tenet of the giant retailer’s strategy, formulated in 1997, encompasses the expansion of scope of operations that allows delivery of a robust and sustained long-term growth. To realize such an expansion of scope of business operations, Tesco constantly pursues existing customers with the aim of introducing them to various other Tesco products and services such as non-food, telecommunications, and financial services. Tesco’s business strategy is based on five principles including desire to remain successful in its global retail business while at the same time developing its core UK business. The company also aims to sustain its business strength both in the food and non-food sectors. Moreover, the company develops strategies that will enhance expansion of other retailing and financial services, and place its customer s and communities at the heart of its operations. 2.1 Customer Loyalty Despite the fact that Tesco Clubcard was introduced to the customers in 1995, there has been a higher degree of data collection especially over the last decade manly due to the company’s embracement of technological advances. Currently, the card can collect essential information

UV Light Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

UV Light - Research Paper Example Disadvantage of excessive sunlight consumption is that it can cause sunburn and other skin related diseases. Ultraviolet light has many uses for instance, in astronomy, to cause resistance against infections and in light bulbs using fluorescence. The word ultraviolet stands for beyond violet. In the spectrum of light which is visible, the wavelength of light tends to decrease whereas the energy that is present in the electromagnetic waves keeps on increasing. The range starts from red and changing from orange, yellow, green, blue and all the way to violet. Therefore, UV light is shorter in wavelength and possesses more energy than violet radiation waves. Usually UV light is measure in nanometers. The range defined for ultraviolet range is between 10nm to 400nm. The characterization of ultraviolet light can from UV-A, UV-B or UV-C that depends on how the wavelength is decreasing. Another way to classify ultraviolet when it comes to astronomy is by characterizing through near, middle, far and extreme. Ultraviolent light has many benefits for example the UV light present in the sunlight can produce vitamin D which is essential for human growth and prevents from many harmful diseases like cancer, heart diseases, rickets etc.. The UV light present in the sun activates a chemical in our body that eventually formulates the vitamin. It is observed that an excessive absorption of sunlight can cause skin diseases and sunburn. "Ultraviolet light has been used for centuries to treat a myriad of health and skin problems in the form of natural sunlight or more recently by artificial UV generated sources." (Baranoski, 154) Another purpose of ultraviolet waves is that it is used in the restoration of artwork.Ultraviolet waves help in restoration of art therefore while buying, framing, selling or praising an artwork knowledge of its prior restoration is necessary therefore while restoring

Tort coursework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Tort coursework - Essay Example Bloke can pursue damages against Ruff Ltd., Right. Ltd and Shoddy Plc under the Compensation Act 2006 since it permits joint liability when asbestos exposure can be attributed to two or more defendants.1 The test for determining whether or not a duty of care exist was first established by the landmark case of Donoghue v Stevenson. In this case Lord Atkin introduced the neighbour principle which is the accepted test used for ascertaining whether or not a duty of care is owed and to whom. According to this principle a duty of care exists in the sense that an individual is required to take all necessary precautions to prevent injury to one’s neighbour. ‘Who then in law is my neighbour? The answer seems to be persons who are so closely and directly affected by my act that I ought to have them in contemplation as being so affected when I am directing my mind to the acts or omissions which are called to question’.2 Over the years the neighbour principle has become the cornerstone for all cases involving tortuous claims. In the leading case of Caparo Industries v Dickman the neighbour principle was elaborated on. It was held that in order to ascertain whether of not a duty of care existed there must be proximity of relationship between the parties. First and foremost, however, the resulting harm must have been foreseeable. Moreover, the imposition of a duty of care in the circumstances must be fair, just and equitable.3 In a later case it was held that the criteria set forth in Caparo Industries v Dickman was applicable and relevant in all subsequent cases.4 As to whether or not it is fair or just to impose a duty of care Lord Diplock addressed the issue in Dorset Yacht Co. Ltd v Home Office. He simply said that ‘the choice is exercised by making a policy decision whether or not a duty of care ought to exist.’5 In this case a successful claim was made against the Home Office in respect of Prison Officers when juvenile delinquents

Human Resource Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human Resource Management - Assignment Example Leadership Development Challenges – an Analysis Among many challenges that HR faces, leadership development is one of the most crucial for developing organization’s capability to accomplish leadership tasks at different levels and meet company objectives. It will be most appropriate, at this juncture, to quote Peter Drucker before describing how HRM can play a pivotal role in solving the leadership development issue. â€Å"It (leadership) is not ‘making friends and influencing people’ – that is flattery. Leadership is lifting a person’s vision to higher sights, the raising of a person’s performance to a higher standard, the building of a personality beyond its normal limitations" (Drucker, 1986 p.159). Drucker has succinctly described leadership requirements in the above sentences; however, it is crucial to explore why leadership development has become so important in the current times. In wake of globalization, the business environmen t has changed drastically. In the last decade or so, changes have happened so rapidly that future has become unpredictable. Challenges are so complicated that there are no straight solutions to the problems involved. The world has become increasingly seamless and resources move quickly across the globe. Even small changes lead to large effects in any organization. Solutions need to emerge from within as they cannot come from outside. That is where leadership development challenges of HRM are significant in the years to come.

Marketing at Walmart Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing at Walmart - Essay Example Many of the items were brand names and appeared to be of quality. Nevertheless, the prices were exceptionally low. They also offered a guarantee to match any competitor's prices. This seemed like a successful way to bring shoppers into the store. The store was full of customers even though it was late in the evening. I should stress that prices were exceptionally low. Even at a large hardware or grocery store the prices would probably have been about 20 per cent higher. The store was laid out in an intuitive manner. Similar items were grouped together. Electronics were in one clearly marked area. Food was in a separate corner of the store, as were the gardening supplies. Large signs directed customers to the appropriate sections of the store where they could find the items they required. No one appeared to be lost or confused. It took a few minutes to orient oneself in a store that enormous but it was relatively simple to find items. There were multiple displays which drew the custom er's eye to the excellent deal available. Clearly the manager had chosen attractive, useful products to discount and had set them aside to advertise to customers. The sales items were obvious and fit in well with the idea of the store as a general retailer where anything was available. These sales made sense. Most of the sales approach was laid-back.

Security Architecture & Design models Assignment

Security Architecture & Design models - Assignment Example Coming up with the best security architecture requires the management of an organization to  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   perform a risk assessment and management process in order to come up with the best security model to secure the system. The risk assessment will identify the extent of the system if the system is large with interrelated components, the data locations and storage of the system. Determining if the system uses the Internet for functions like data transfer and identifying all the resources and hardware components being   utilized by the system. The risk assessment will identify the potential risks that a system can have or might face in the future.  The management the is aiming to ensure information security should consider the following types of security architecture models. The security models are used to create several access control levels. The security models include access matrix, Bell-Lapadula, Lettice, information flow, Clark-Wilson, the state machine   and Biba. The security models contain the following components. Data classification model that facilitates wider sharing of information through ensuring that information have been given additional controls. The model classifies information into several categories like low, medium, high and unclassified. Data security model assist the users in making sure the information is secured in the appropriate manner. The security model creates several security categories for the processes, hardware devices, hard-drives and the various users of the information.

Exploring Military Education Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Exploring Military Education - Assignment Example He asserts that military education should equip soldiers to be effective defenders of the USA as well as the effective defenders of the American interest and its partners around the world. This article is credible because it is written by a professor who has deep knowledge of the military education. Professor Joan Johnson-Freese is also the former chair of national Security Affairs at the war college, Newport in the Department of Defense Alfred, M. V., &Nafukho, F. M. (2010). International and Comparative Adult and Continuing Education. In C. E. Kasworm, A. D. Rose, & J. M. Ross-Gordon (Eds.) Handbook Of Adult And Continuing Education (Pp. 93–102). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Bezacie Gerard. (2004). Synergy Between Doctrine, Training And Military Education Military education helps the soldiers to be equipped with the general knowledge since just like any other human activity; war is subject to changes and greatly depends on the choices made during a particular period . Military education also assists the soldiers to solve issues with strict intellectual discipline thus enhancing decision making process as well as equipping and preparing the future commanders in their new roles. This article is credible since it is a publication by the military experts and professionals Kerka, Sandra. (2002). ACVE - Teaching Adults: Is It Different? Eric Publications. Sandra Kerka asserts that adult learning are based on problems and challenges hence emphasizing the need for critical and transformative learning unlike the children’s learning which is dependent and lacks life experience. Adults are likely to be self directive and greatly motivational thus making it possible for soldiers to understand the concepts and importance of the military education. This article is credible because it is peer reviewed and backed by very rich primary resources from professionals such as Drapper, Guffey and Ramp. The article is also published by educational resources inf ormation centre which is a renowned publisher Smit, H., Den Oudendammer, F., Kats, E., & Van Lakerveld, J. (2009). Lifelong Learning on Either Side of the Border: The Effects of Government Policy on Adult Education In The Netherlands And Belgium.European Journal Of Education,  44(2), 257-270. A country’s adult education is dependent on various factors such as historical, cultural and economical and differs in many countries. For instance, in Netherlands, vocational training is emphasized amongst adults just like in Belgium where it is greatly supported too. This article is peer reviewed and scholarly. It is also credible because it has other reliable sources cited in it Maric, L., Krsmanovic, B., Mraovic, T., Gogic, A., Sente, J., & Smajic, M. (2013). The Effectiveness Of Physical Education Of The Military Academy Cadets During A 4-Year Study.  Vojnosanitetski Pregled. Military-Medical and Pharmaceutical Review,  70(1), 16-20. Maric et al studied the main role of physic al education in the cadets’ life and their general personality development by evaluating the effectiveness of physical education. Physical education somewhat develops physical skills but through endurance, strength and speed. This resource is primary since it involves research thus proving its credibility. This study was carried out in the Military academy with a total of 120

Community Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Community Communication - Essay Example He wondered such, because of the diffusion of cities created due to the stage of industrial revolution and unsettled west. Another scholar that set out to find the relation between community and communication was Gabriel Tarde in the 1980s. According to him, public opinion is a means of collective community which is controlled and arranged by the media (Katz, 1991). Furthering the previous thought, Bowes (1997) confirms that this relationship further gained strength in the 1920s and thus has now become indivisible. According to this study, for a collective action, communication between citizens and individuals is an important function for initiating a combined action, with the collective action being stimulated and expressed through the media. Of course, when it comes to finding the relation between these two variables, it is obvious to understand the definition of community. According to Hillary (1955), community can be explained in 94 ways. However, three essential components can b e found in the explanation of this variable. Beginning with a person involved in a specific community contact, the author mentioned geographic area as the second component with the common ties completing the collection. Bracht (1990) also revolves around the same concept of community. According to this study, a community can be explained as a cluster of individuals that share the same ethics, ideals and institutions. Further adding to the definitions, the author explained interpersonal relationships, culture and social groups as the interdependent basic components. Therefore, the above mentioned components work collectively towards a common good. This means that these components are a food for the community that are intellectual and conscious in nature and is thus a highly necessary requirement Dewey (1946). Bell and Newby (1971) added more to the definition and stated that communities have nowadays adopted a virtual nature. According to this study, the idea of a physical space has currently adopted a less physical approach of communication. Nonetheless, the relation between community and communication remains intact. Where traditionally the use of broadcast and print media was at its peak, the introduction of the computer based era and the enhancement of development and interactive media have positively worked towards eliminating the geographical constraints in communication. The virtual temperament of the media used two basic tools; the internet and direct broadcast satellites. Therefore, it becomes imperative to mention at this stage that after adopting the virtual mode, the communication media not simply aid the traditional community, rather it aids to the change in the entire definition of it (Bowes, 1997). According to Berrigan (May 1979), there is always the risk of importance in considering communication. That is, it is the author’s firm belief that although communication media is an effective tool in affecting the community, the role of the med ia is highly exaggerated. The study also stated that the media revolves around precedence in its importance. For the role of communication to be effective, it must be understood that it can never work alone. The media, in spite of its role in not the only factor that can bring changes to the community, the organizational, social and political structures also play a vital role that need to be identified. As the international communication association (May 2012) states; as our perceptions regarding the organizational, personal and social communities are undergoing massive changes, the boundaries and peripheries are becoming

Hinduism Characteristics Essay Example for Free

Hinduism Characteristics Essay The following nine facts, though not exhaustive, offer a simple summary of Hindu spirituality or about Hinduism. 1 Hindus believe in a one, all-pervasive Supreme Being who is both immanent and transcendent, both Creator and Unmanifest Reality. 2 Hindus believe in the divinity of the four Vedas, the worlds most ancient scripture, and venerate the Agamas as equally revealed. These primordial hymns are Gods word and the bedrock of Sanatana Dharma, the eternal religion. 3 Hindus believe that the universe undergoes endless cycles of creation, preservation and dissolution. 4 Hindus believe in karma, the law of cause and effect by which each individual creates his own destiny by his thoughts, words and deeds. 5 Hindus believe that the soul reincarnates, evolving through many births until all karmas have been resolved, and moksha, liberation from the cycle of rebirth, is attained. Not a single soul will be deprived of this destiny. 6 Hindus believe that divine beings exist in unseen worlds and that temple worship, rituals, sacraments and personal devotionals create a communion with these devas (divine beings) and God. 7 Hindus believe that an enlightened master, or satguru, is essential to know the Transcendent Absolute, as are personal discipline, good conduct, purification, pilgrimage, self-inquiry, meditation and surrender in God. 8 Hindus believe that all life is sacred, to be loved and revered, and therefore practice ahimsa, noninjury, in thought, word and deed. 9 Hindus believe that no religion teaches the only way to salvation above all others, but that all genuine paths are facets of Gods Light, deserving tolerance and understanding. GOD AND LORDS IN HINDUISM God is a one being, yet we understand Him in three perfections: Absolute Reality, Pure Consciousness and Primal Soul. As Absolute Reality, God is unmanifest, unchanging and transcendent, the Self God, timeless, formless and spaceless. As Pure Consciousness, God is the manifest primal substance, pure divine love and light flowing through all form, existing everywhere in time and space as infinite intelligence and power. God is all and in all, great beyond our conception, a sacred mystery that can be known in direct communion. Hindus believe in one Supreme Being. In the Hindu pantheon there are said to be three hundred and thirty-three million Lords(divine beings). The plurality of Lords are perceived as divine creations of that one Being. So, Hinduism has one supreme God, but it has an extensive hierarchy of Lords. Hinduism views existence as composed of three worlds. The First World is the physical universe; the Second World is the subtle astral or mental plane of existence in which the devas, angels and spirits live; and the Third World is the spiritual universe of the Mahadevas, great shining beings, our Hindu Lords. Hinduism is the harmonious working together of these three worlds. Hinduism is a family of four main denominations Saivism, Shaktism, Vaishnavism, Smartism under a divine hierarchy of Mahadevas. These intelligent beings have evolved through eons of time and are able to help mankind without themselves having to live in a physical body. These great Mahadevas, with their multitudes of angelic devas, live and work constantly and tirelessly for the people of our religion, protecting and guiding them, opening new doors and closing unused ones. TEMPLE WORSHIP IN HINDUISM It is in the Hindu temple that the three worlds meet and devotees invoke the Lords of our religion. The temple is built as a palace in which these Lords live. It is the home of the God and Lords, a sacred place unlike every other place on the earth. The Hindu must associate himself with these divine beings in a very sensitive way when he approaches the temple. Though the devotee rarely has the psychic vision of the Deity, he is aware of the Gods divine presence. As he approaches the sanctum sanctorum, the Hindu is fully aware that an intelligent being, greater and more evolved than himself, is there. This Lord is intently aware of him, safeguarding him, fully knowing his inmost thought, fully capable of coping with any situation the devotee may mentally lay at his Holy Feet. It is important that we approach the Deity in this way conscious and confident that our needs are known in the inner spiritual worlds. The physical representation of the God, be it a stone or metal image other sacred form, simply marks the place that the Lord will manifest in or hover over in his etheric body. It can be conceived as an antenna to receive the divine rays of the Lord or as the material body in or through which the Lord manifests in this First World. When we perform puja, a religious ritual, we are attracting the attention of the devas and Mahadevas in the inner worlds. That is the purpose of a puja; it is a form of communication. To enhance this communication we establish an altar in the temple or in the home. This becomes charged or magnetized through our devotional thoughts and feelings which radiate out and affect the surrounding environment. You can feel the presence of these divine beings, and this radiation from them is known as shakti. It is a communication more real than the communication of language that you experience each day. Finally, it must be clearly understood that God and the Lords are not a psychological product of the Hindu religious mind. They are far older than the universe and are the fountainheads of its galactic energies, shining stars and sunlit planets. They are loving overseers and custodians of the cosmos, earth and mankind. The Hindu cosmological terrain envelopes all of humanity. HINDU HOLY BOOK The Veda is the Hindu holy book. The four books of the Vedas—Rig, Yajur, Sama and Atharva—include over 100,000 verses. The knowledge imparted by the Vedas ranges from earthy devotion to high philosophy. Their words and wisdom permeate Hindu thought, ritual and meditation. The Vedas are the ultimate scriptural authority for Hindus. Their oldest portions are said by some to date back as far as 6,000 bce, orally transmitted for most of history and written down in Sanskrit in the last few millennia, making them the world’s longest and most ancient scripture. The Vedas open a rare window into ancient Indian society, proclaiming life’s sacredness and the way to oneness with God. For untold centuries unto today, the Vedas have remained the sustaining force and authoritative doctrine, guiding followers in ways of worship, duty and enlightenment. The Vedas are the meditative and philosophical focus for millions of monks and a billion seekers. Their stanzas are chanted from memory by priests and laymen daily as liturgy in temple worship and domestic ritual. All Hindus wholeheartedly accept the Vedas, yet each draws selectively, interprets freely and amplifies abundantly. Over time, this tolerant allegiance has woven the varied tapestry of Indian Hindu Dharma. Each of the four Vedas has four sections: Samhitas (hymn collections), Brahmanas (priestly manuals), Aranyakas (forest treatises) and Upanishads (enlightened discourses). The Samhitas and Brahmanas affirm that God is immanent and transcendent and prescribe ritual worship, mantra and devotional hymns to establish communication with the spiritual worlds. The hymns are invocations to the One Divine and to the Divinities of nature, such as the Sun, the Rain, the Wind, the Fire and the Dawn— as well as prayers for matrimony, progeny, prosperity, concord, protection, domestic rites and more. The Aranyakas and Upanishads outline the soul’s evolutionary journey, provide yogic philosophical training and propound realization of man’s oneness with God as the destiny of all souls. Today, the Vedas are published in Sanskrit, English, French, German and other languages. But it is the popular, metaphysical Upanishads that have been most amply and ably translated. KARMA AND REINCARNATION IN HINDUISM Karma Karma literally means deed or act, but more broadly describes the principle of cause and effect. Simply stated, karma is the law of action and reaction which governs consciousness. In physics-the study of energy and matter-Sir Isaac Newton postulated that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. Push against a wall. Its material is molecularly pushing back with a force exactly equal to yours. In metaphysics, karma is the law that states that every mental, emotional and physical act, no matter how insignificant, is projected out into the psychic mind substance and eventually returns to the individual with equal impact. The akashic memory in our higher chakras faithfully records the souls impressions during its series of earthly lives, and in the astral/mental worlds in-between earth existences. Ancient yogis, in psychically studying the time line of cause/effect, assigned three categories to karma. The first is sanchita, the sum total of past karma yet to be resolved. The second category is prarabdha, that portion of sanchita karma being experienced in the present life. Kriyamana, the third type, is karma you are presently creating. However, it must be understood that your past negative karma can be altered into a smoother, easier state through the loving, heart-chakra nature, through dharma and sadhana. That is the key of karmic wisdom. Live religiously well and you will create positive karma for the future and soften negative karma of the past. Truths and Myths About Karma Karma operates not only individually, but also in ever-enlarging circles of group karma where we participate in the sum karma of multiple souls. This includes family, community, nation, race and religion, even planetary group karma. So if we, individually or collectively, unconditionally love and give, we will be loved and given to. The individuals or groups who act soulfully or maliciously toward us are the vehicle of our own karmic creation. The people who manifest your karma are also living through past karma and simultaneously creating future karma. For example, if their karmic pattern did not include miserliness, they would not be involved in your karma of selfishness. Another person may express some generosity toward you, fulfilling the gifting karma of your past experience. Imagine how intricately interconnected all the cycles of karma are for our planets life forms. Reincarnation The soul functions with complete continuity in its astral/mental bodies. It is with these sensitive vehicles that we experience dream or astral worlds during sleep every night. The astral world is equally as solid and beautiful, as varied and comprehensive as the earth dimension-if not much more so. Spiritual growth, psychic development, guidance in matters of governance and commerce, artistic cultivation, inventions and discoveries of medicine, science and technology all continue by astral people who are in-between earthly lives. Many of the Veda hymns entreat the assistance of devas: advanced astral or mental people. Yet, also in the grey, lower regions of this vast, invisible dimension exist astral people whose present pursuits are base, selfish, even sadistic. Where the person goes in the astral plane at sleep or death is dependent upon his earthly pursuits and the quality of his mind. Because certain seed karmas can only be resolved in earth consciousness and because the souls initial realizations of Absolute Reality are only achieved in a physical body, our soul joyously enters another biological body. At the right time, it is reborn into a flesh body that will best fulfill its karmic pattern. In this process, the current astral body-which is a duplicate of the last physical form-is sluffed off as a lifeless shell that in due course disintegrates, and a new astral body develops as the new physical body grows. This entering into another body is called reincarnation: re-occupying the flesh. During our thousands of earth lives, a remarkable variety of life patterns are experienced. We exist as male and female, often switching back and forth from life to life as the nature becomes more harmonized into a person exhibiting both feminine nurturing and masculine intrepidness. We come to earth as princesses and presidents, as paupers and pirates, as tribals and scientists, as murderers and healers, as atheists and, ultimately, God-Realized sages. We take bodies of every race and live the many religions, faiths and philosophies as the soul gains more knowledge and evolutionary experience. Therefore, the Hindu knows that the belief in a single life on earth, followed by eternal joy or pain is utterly wrong and causes great anxiety, confusion and fear. Hindus know that all souls reincarnate, take one body and then another, evolving through experience over long periods of time. Like the caterpillars metamorphosis into the butterfly, death doesnt end our existence but frees us to pursue an even greater development. Dharma Dharma yields Heavens honor and Earths wealth. What is there then that is more fruitful for a man? There is nothing more rewarding than dharma, nor anything more ruinous than its neglect. When God created the universe, He endowed it with order, with the laws to govern creation. Dharma is Gods divine law prevailing on every level of existence, from the sustaining cosmic order to religious and moral laws which bind us in harmony with that order. Related to the soul, dharma is the mode of conduct most conducive to spiritual advancement, the right and righteous path. It is piety and ethical practice, duty and ob ligation. When we follow dharma, we are in conformity with the Truth that inheres and instructs the universe, and we naturally abide in closeness to God. Adharma is opposition to divine law. Dharma is to the individual what its normal development is to a seedthe orderly fulfillment of an inherent nature and destiny. SIGNIFICANCE OF HINDUISM Hinduism is unique among the worlds religions. I boldly proclaim it the oldest religion in the world. To begin with, it is mankinds oldest spiritual declaration, the very fountainhead of faith on the planet. Hinduisms venerable age has seasoned it to maturity. It is the only religion, to my knowledge, which is not founded in a single historic event or prophet, but which itself proceeds recorded history. Hinduism has been called the cradle of spirituality, and the mother of all religions, partially because it has influenced virtually every major religion and partly because it can absorb all other religions, honor and embraces their scriptures, their saints, and their philosophy. This is possible because Hinduism looks compassionately on all genuine spiritual effort and knows unmistakably that all souls are evolving toward union with the Divine, and all are destined, without exception, to achieve spiritual enlightenment and liberation in this or a future life. Please visit, if you wish to seek further

Community Based Rehabilitation Essay Example for Free

Community Based Rehabilitation Essay Community Based Rehabilitation(CBR) may be defined, according to three United Nation Agencies, ILO, UNESCO, and the WHO, as a strategy within community development for the rehabilitation, equalization of opportunities, and social integration of all people with disabilities. CBR is implemented through the combined efforts of disabled people themselves, their families and communities, and the appropriate health, education, vocational and social services (WHO, 1994). Institutional Rehabilitation provides excellent services to address the problems of individual disabled persons and is often available only for a small number at a very high cost. CBR as the name implies has have found in the community, its roots in the community and has to derive sustenance and support from the community. They should be rehabilitated in their community by and with people in their community. CBRfocuses on  * enhancing the quality of life for people with disabilities and their families, * meeting basic needs and * ensuring inclusion and participation. CBR was initiated in the mid-1980s but has evolved to become a multi-sectoral strategy that empowers persons with disabilities to access and benefit from education, employment, health and social services. CBR is implemented through the combined efforts of people with disabilities, their families, organizations and communities, relevant government and non-government health, education, vocational, social and other services.Mainstreaming and inclusion is seen as an effective way:to include persons with disability;to give equal opportunity and to provide a non discriminative environment for their growth and development In practical terms this means persons with disability are included in the programmes and schemes formulated by the government and others, not as mere beneficiaries but as equal members who can participate with full recognition of and exercise their rights. Need of CBR Institutional overheads and other major infrastructural expenses make the process very expensive. Moreover, the endeavours in an institution are often out of context to the felt needs of the disabled person, and thus falls short of their expectations. The fact that this person comes from a particular background and cultural setting is often ignored. The institutional culture is imposed on the disabled person and they are often expected to function as advised by the â€Å"experts†. In an institutional rehabilitation programme, the community is not linked with the process. Hence, when the disabled persons return home, it may become difficult for them to integrate into their community. Disability -Situation Time line In the 70s it was based on western health care model largely urban based and not cost effective. No real service provision for disabled. In the 80s/90s there was a shift from medical towards employment and community development. In real terms this was a social model. In the year 2000 CBR perceived in terms of Human rights and involvement and awareness of disabled persons was advocated. WHO approach emphasizes basic rehabilitation involving working partnership with local community, disabled, family, governments and professionals at regional and national levels.

Sexual Politics Kate Millet (1970)

Sexual Politics Kate Millet (1970) Sexual Politics Kate Millet (1970) Summary of document This article enables the reader to understand the difficulties of gaining equal rights and respect which women faced during the second wave of feminism (1970s). Though it can be possible for females to appear to have a higher class to some men due to the economic, social and educational purposes (Millet, 1970, p36). The writer suggests that the castelike status of a female within patriarchy is most liable for confusion (Millet, 1970, p36). This is due to the writer suggesting a two-tier caste system which meant despite some females may be born into a higher class then some males, it meant that due to the domination of sexual status, patriarchy society has been formed. There are two examples from the text which backs up the point that the writer was making. These are: a black lawyer has a higher status than a white farmer. However, race itself can be used in a caste system which overrides class. This means the white farmer belongs to a higher order of life just as it oppresses the pro fessional in spirit. Also, much of the literature between 1940s -1970s has shown the caste system towards male triumphs over the social status of wealthy and educated women. (Millet, 1970, p36) The writer also suggests that males use bullying and hostile remarks (Millet,1970, p36) as a psychological (Millet, 1970, p36) form of dominant power. Class divisions are not threatened by expressions of enmity or the existence of sexual hierarchy which has been reaffirmed to punish the female quite effectively (Millet, 1970, p36). The writer suggests that the function of class in patriarchy is dependent on how expressive the masculine supremacy allows itself to become in society. However, the writer states a paradox to this point. She states: while in the lower status strata, the male is more likely to claim authority on the strength of his sex alone, he is actually obliged more often to share power with the women of his class who are economically productive. Whereas in the middle and upper classes, there is less tendency to assert a blunt patriarchal dominance, as men who enjoy such status have more power in any case. (Millet, 1970, p36) The writer suggests that Western patriarchy are interested in concepts of romantic love compared to Eastern patriarchy, but this interest could be used to conceal the patriarchal nature of society. She states that it was a Victorian habit, for example, to insist the female assume the function of serving as the males conscience and living the life of goodness he found tedious but felt someone ought to do anyway. (Millet, 1970, p37) She suggests that the concept of romantic love can be used as emotional manipulation which the male is free to exploit (Millet, 1970, p37). This is convenient to both genders due to dominance gained by the male and the concealed realities of the female status and their burden of economic dependency. One of the main effects of class within patriarchy is to set one woman against another, in the past creating a lively antagonism between career woman and housewife. (Millet, 1970, p38) This is means that one envies the other security and prestige, while the envi ed yearns beyond the confines of respectability for what she takes to be the others freedom, adventure, and contact with the great world. (Millet, 1970, p38) Women have less investment in the class system (Millet, 1970, p38). This is due to women having fewer permanent class associations compared to males, also not many women rise above working class in personal prestige and economic power (Millet, 1970, p38) so women do not enjoy the benefits that higher class will offer the males. Usually the white male concedes the female to a higher status than the black male. However, due to white racist ideology being exposed; this has meant these ideological attitudes of racism has now changed to sexism. The writer states the priorities of maintaining supremacy might outweigh even those of white supremacy; sexism may be endemic in our own society than racism. (Millet, 1970, p39) Wider social, economic and political context This book was written during the 1970s which was during the second wave feminism. This second wave of feminism was focused on advocacy of womens rights, in particular equal pay, sex discrimination laws, right to contraception and the legalization of abortion. It can be argued that Radical feminism is opening out the revolutionary struggle in new areas we want control not only over the means of production but over reproduction. (London Feminist Movement, 2010) It is hard to imagine that these women were seen as sexual objects as well not even allowed a view. One of the campaigns was the personal is political. This is where women spoke out about constant sexual harassment, major crimes like rape, as well as being seen as inferior to men. Some important events happened during the 1970s. The Miss World protest in 1970 was significant due to women protesting against the objectification of women as judging women only on their looks is insulting. (British Library, 2014) In 1973, the first R ape Crisis centre was formed in England and Wales to provide co-ordination and support to affiliated member groups and campaigns and lobbies to raise awareness of the issues of sexual violence in the wider community and with local, regional and national government. (British Library, 2014) In 1975, the Sex Discrimination Act was made to render unlawful certain kinds of sex discrimination and discrimination on the ground of marriage and establish a commission with the function of working towards the elimination of such discrimination. (British Library, 2014) Also in 1975, the Employment Protection Act made maternity pay a requirement for employers and stopped employers dismissing when women get pregnant. (British Library, 2014) The Domestic Violence and Matrimonial Proceedings Act in 1976 allowed women to obtain a court order against violent husbands without divorce proceedings. (British Library, 2014) One of the positives that came from 1970s especially for feminists was that Margare t Thatcher becomes Prime Minister in 1979. (British Library, 2014) Authors motives Kate Millett book was one of the first second wave texts to use the term patriarchy to describe the different structures of male power. She believed that patriarchy controlled every aspect of womens lives from sexuality, family, etc.   She suggests patriarchy has the power to shape how women thought as well as how they lived their lives. (Hannam, 2006) Millet suggests that personal lives were affected by the state and by patriarchy, so this enabled the opportunity for feminists to challenge the divisions between the public and the private that was central to liberal political thought. (Hannam, 2006) However, Millett was criticised for being anti-male and maybe seen as radical feminist. Target audience The target audience of this document would be feminists. This is because the document supports feminist ideals even though to some feminists it can seem anti-male. This document allows feminists but any reader to understand her opinions and beliefs during the second wave of feminism as well as using the term patriarchy to describe different structures of male power which was not seen til Kate Millett wrote her book. Usefulness of document This document is useful because this book inspired a new wave of feminism which was revolutionary and radical enough to create change for the women who lived in this period. Without vocal writers like Kate Millett, women may have gained as many rights as they did during this period. It can be argued her book was controversial however, her opinion is praised and attacked but her text is used in women studies which means her aim to get more female literature into education succeeded. Though it can be argued that other feminist wrote the same ideals before Kate Millett, but no one was a bold as her when writing their opinions onto paper. Conclusion Sexual Politics still remains to be one of the founding pieces of the second wave of feminism. Many Feminists have continued Milletts criticism with their own opinions to feminism and society. This book will always inspire another generation of feminists due to passionate and boldness she puts into her book. Bibliography British Library. (2014) Timeline of the womens liberation movement. The British Library. Available from: https://www.bl.uk/sisterhood/timeline# [Accessed 19 January 2017]. Hannam, J. (2006). Feminism. 6th edn. Harlow, England: Pearson/Longman. London Feminist Network (2010). Womens liberation and radical feminism 1970-early 1980s. Available from: http://londonfeministnetwork.org.uk/what-weve-done/what-we-did-in-2010/womens-liberation-and-radical-feminism-1970-early-l980s [Accessed 19 January 2017]. Millett, K. (1970) Sexual Politics. Urbana, IL, United States: University of Illinois Press.

Julius Caesar - Citizen Of Rome :: essays research papers

Julius Caesar-Citizen of Rome My name is Felicius Dedecus, and I live in Rome. I am a common citizen, and work in the local bakery. I am married to a charming lady named Antonia. We have been married for only a couple of months, and we do not have any children. We are not yet prepared to have a child, because we cannot financially support one. Once the bakery starts going well, we will have a child. I work during the days, and Antonia, being a lady, does not work so she could take care of the child. I begin to laugh, when I imagine a woman working somewhere other than in the kitchen. It would be quite an odd sight. I hear people shouting. It seems to be coming from the Capitol. I am heading towards there, to find out the reason for all of this commotion. The greatest man that I have ever known is dead. His name was Caesar, and he was a beloved benefactor and a hero. He defeated Pompey's sons, and would do anything to benefit Rome. Rome will never profit from this man again, for he was stabbed by a sword. Honorable Brutus, his best friend, helped in the killing of Caesar. All actions of this noble man, in the past, have been admirable. I am at the Forum, and the funeral for beloved Caesar is about to take place. Brutus will explain his reasons for murdering Caesar, which will surely be logical. Then, Mark Antony will be delivering a speech, and conducting the funeral rites. The funeral speech, or Laudatio Funebris, is a common Roman custom. This funeral promises to be chaotic, and I am not sure what is to come for Rome. Brutus is about to speak. My co-worker at the local bakery, Ragorius, says aloud what many of us Roman citizens are thinking. He says, "We will be satisfied; let us be satisfied." I am anxious to hear Brutus' speech, for I am very curious to hear the justification of the murder. Had anyone else killed Caesar, in no circumstance, would I have listened to their speech. However, Brutus is reputable, and his dignified presence gets him replies upon his request. He asks us, "Be patient till the last . . . hear me for mine cause and be silent." When Brutus said this, I immediately obeyed him. He says, ". Julius Caesar - Citizen Of Rome :: essays research papers Julius Caesar-Citizen of Rome My name is Felicius Dedecus, and I live in Rome. I am a common citizen, and work in the local bakery. I am married to a charming lady named Antonia. We have been married for only a couple of months, and we do not have any children. We are not yet prepared to have a child, because we cannot financially support one. Once the bakery starts going well, we will have a child. I work during the days, and Antonia, being a lady, does not work so she could take care of the child. I begin to laugh, when I imagine a woman working somewhere other than in the kitchen. It would be quite an odd sight. I hear people shouting. It seems to be coming from the Capitol. I am heading towards there, to find out the reason for all of this commotion. The greatest man that I have ever known is dead. His name was Caesar, and he was a beloved benefactor and a hero. He defeated Pompey's sons, and would do anything to benefit Rome. Rome will never profit from this man again, for he was stabbed by a sword. Honorable Brutus, his best friend, helped in the killing of Caesar. All actions of this noble man, in the past, have been admirable. I am at the Forum, and the funeral for beloved Caesar is about to take place. Brutus will explain his reasons for murdering Caesar, which will surely be logical. Then, Mark Antony will be delivering a speech, and conducting the funeral rites. The funeral speech, or Laudatio Funebris, is a common Roman custom. This funeral promises to be chaotic, and I am not sure what is to come for Rome. Brutus is about to speak. My co-worker at the local bakery, Ragorius, says aloud what many of us Roman citizens are thinking. He says, "We will be satisfied; let us be satisfied." I am anxious to hear Brutus' speech, for I am very curious to hear the justification of the murder. Had anyone else killed Caesar, in no circumstance, would I have listened to their speech. However, Brutus is reputable, and his dignified presence gets him replies upon his request. He asks us, "Be patient till the last . . . hear me for mine cause and be silent." When Brutus said this, I immediately obeyed him. He says, ".

The Chinese Intelligentsia during the Hundred Flowers and Anti-rightist

The Chinese Intelligentsia during the Hundred Flowers and Anti-rightist Movement After the coming to power of the CCP and the formation of the People’s Republic of China, thorough and drastic changes began to take place in China. A country which had been founded on a mixture of Confucianism and a very spiritual lifestyle, with ancestor worship and even praying to the god of a particular object, which had went through various revolutions and changings of the guard, began to follow the influence of a Red Giant. The theories of Communism which were developed through a collaboration of Marx and Engels began to penetrate China through the Soviet influence. The sweeping changes that were introduced by Mao Zedong and his party would influence China in every aspect, and attempt to eradicate the old ways, which were consider to be corrupted and no longer represented what was right for the country as a whole. The CCP changed the way the government was set up, changed the way foreign relations were handled, re-evaluated the economic policies of the country, and, possibly more drastically, attempted, arguably successfully, to control and change the way people thought. The anti rightist movements of the 50s and 60s attempted to do just that. These movements followed on the heels of what was known as the Hundred Flowers. The Hundred Flowers slogan was â€Å"Let a hundred Flowers Bloom, a Hundred Schools of Thought Contend†. The movement which had started in the spring of 1956 was a movement that was began by the party to do several things. The main theme behind the movement was to welcome criticism of the party by the intellectuals of the country, and was considered a good way for the party to prove that it cared about the people, was interested, and listening to what they had to say. According to Teiwes: Lu (Ting-i) argued the victory of socialist transformation and a fundamental change in the political outlook of intellectuals created conditions for the Hundred Flowers. He held that free discussion and independent thinking were necessary to avoid academic stagnation and declared the imposition of narrow, doctrinaire restrictions on intellectual life the â€Å"bitter enemy† of true Marxism Leninism. (219) Mao was under the impression that Communism was so perfect that intellectual criticism would not be hurt, but benefit the attitudes in the country. This was a major chan... ... to keep their opinions to themselves. It would take years for them to find their voice again. Not, only did this movement silence millions, but it was also the moment for many Chinese, when the cracks in the party started to show. The man who had been revered as a god, had made a mistake, and people started to question themselves and their beliefs. Jung Chang’s mother was one of these individuals who began to question the Communist party and its methods, however not openly. Her husband however would not question it. Their relationship is a microcosm of the country. The people who saw the fissures forming were afraid to say anything, but the blind followers of the party where afraid to listen: One day, when she ventured some critical comments about the situation and got no response from him, she said bitterly, â€Å"You are a good Communist, but a rotten husband!† My father nodded. He said he knew. (Chang, 219) Works Cited Chang, Jung. Wild Swans: Three Daughters of China. New York: First Anchor Books, 1992. Fu-Sheng, Mu. The Wilting of the Hundred Flowers. New York: Frederick A. Praeger, Inc, 1963. Teiwes, Frederick. Politics and Purges in China. New York: M.E. Sharpe, 1979.

Fatty Acids are Needed for Growth Essay -- Health Nutrition Papers

Fatty Acids are Needed for Growth The lipids of our central nervous system contain high proportions of arachidonic acid (20:4 n-6, AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3, DHA) which are the two most important polyunsaturated fatty acids in the brain. Levels of linoleic acid (18:2 n-6) and alpha-linolenic acid (18:3 n-3) are low, usually less than 1% to 2% of total fatty acids (Innis, S78-79). Linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid are precursors to AA and DHA; they are elongated and desaturated to form AA and DHA (Clandinin, 27). The brain growth in humans begins early in the third trimester of pregnancy. This is the most important period for brain AA and DHA accumulation (Innis, S78-79). Therefore, the composition of fat in the brain during this period is very important for normal growth and development of the brain. Any changes in the balance of the fatty acids in the dietary fat intake will result in changes in the membrane functioning of brain cells. During this prenatal life, lipids are mostly needed for structural and regulatory functions. After birth, the infant is challenged by changes in the lipid sources. The response to these changes can be altered by changes in the diet composition. For example, a newborn infant’s response to human milk is considered to be ideal, therefore baby formulas try to mimic that response (Biervliet, S101). Studies have shown that fatty acid accumulation in the brain increases as the pregnancy progresses. It reaches the maximum level of accumulation toward the end of the pregnancy. But there are differences in the rate of accumulation of these fatty acids. For example, DHA levels in the cerebrum increase as the percentage of the total fatty acid, whereas AA levels decrease during ... ...awlosky, Robert J, and Salem, Norman Jr. "Ethanol exposure causes a decrease in docosahexaenoic acid and an increase in docosapentaenoic acid in feline brains and retinas." The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 61 (6). June 1995, 1284-9. Stryer, Lubert. Biochemistry. Fourth edition. W.H. Freeman and Company, New York. 1995, 687-88. Uavy, Ricardo, Birch, Eileen, Birch, David, and Peirano, Patricio. "Visual and brain function measurements in studies of n-3 fatty acid requirements of infants." The Journal of Pediatrics. 120 (4)(pt 2). Apr 1992, S168-80. Van Biervliet, J.P., Vinaimont, N., Vercaemst, R., and Rosseneu, M. "Serum cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, and high-density lipoprotein development in newborn infants: Response to formulas supplemented with cholesterol and gamma-linolenic acid." The Journal of Pediatrics. 120(4)(pt 2). Apr 1992, S101-8.

Reciproc And Biorace Rotary Systems Health And Social Care Essay

The balance between continuing the apical root construction and apical disinfection has been ever a challenge in endodontias peculiarly in curving root canals. To cut down the procedural accidents and the clip required for root canal readying, the usage of Nickel-Titanium rotary instruments was proposed. Each rotary system has different clinical advantages and disadvantages sing their peculiar belongingss. The intent of this ex vivo survey was to measure and compare the apical transit induced by the Reciproc and BioRace rotary systems in fixing the mesiobuccal root of the human maxillary grinders. Methodology: The mesiobuccal canals of 60 extracted maxillary grinders with curvature angle between 25-45Es were selected and indiscriminately assigned into two groups ( n=30 ) . The root canal readying was performed by either Reciproc or BioRace rotary systems. A double-digital radiographic technique and AutoCAD package were used to compare the apical transit at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 millimeter from the working length ( WL ) . The distance between the maestro apical traffic circle file and the initial K file in the overlying radiogram was considered as apical transit. An independent t-test was used to compare the groups. P & lt ; 0.05 was considered as statistically important. Consequence: There was no incidence of instrument break in any of the instances. Apical transit of the Reciproc group was significantly greater than the BioRace group in all distances ( P & lt ; 0.001 ) . The maximal apical transit was at 0.5 millimeter of the WL for Reciproc group ( 0.048 A ± 0.0028 ) and the lower limit was at 5 millimeter from the WL for the BioRace group ( 0.010 A ± 0.0005 ) . In both groups, the apical transit decreased when the distance from the WL increased. Decision: Under the status of this survey, both systems created a little change in original form of the canals, although the BioRace system produced significantly less apical transit than the Reciproc system. Cardinal Wordss: Apical transit, BioRace files, Reciproc files, Root canal readyingIntroduction:Cleaning and defining of the root canal is a critical stage in endodontic interventions ( 1, 2 ) . During this process, some grades of divergence from the original form of the canals might happen when fixing curved canals with unstained steel manus instruments. These aberrances may hold a negative consequence on the result of endodontic interventions by worsening the efficiency of the disinfection processs and the possible inauspicious consequence on obturation ( ref 22 ) . To get the better of the drawbacks of instruments made of unstained steel metal, Nickel-titanium ( NiTi ) instruments were proposed ( 3 ) . Nowadays, the Numberss of NiTi rotary systems with peculiar belongingss are available. A new endodontic traffic circle file system named Reciproc ( VDW, Munich, Germany ) is introduced to the market. This system is claimed, by the maker, to be capable of determining the root canal systems exhaustively with merely one instrument. Files from this system have been constructed by a new heat-treatment operation from a particular metal called M-Wire NiTi. These single-use files have increased flexibleness and are more immune to cyclic weariness than traditional NiTi wire files. Furthermore, the S-shaped cross-section design of these files has produced two effectual cutting borders ( 4 ) . These honoring characteristics may connote the utile consequence of this system to be used in curving canals. Different size and assorted tapering of the Reciproc files are available as follows: R25 ; tip Size # 25 with apical taper of 8 % ( 08/25 ) , R40 ; tip size # 40 with an apical taper of 6 % ( 06/40 ) , R50 ; tip size # 50 with an apical taper of 5 % ( 05/50 ) . A particular machine- controlled device was introduced for application of these instruments with a mutual gesture. On the other manus, Race traffic circle system ( FKG. Dentaire SA, La choux-de – founds, Switzerland ) , thanks to its particular design, have been addressed by several surveies to efficaciously clean the root canal system with the ability of bring forthing more centered canal form ( 5,6,7,8,9 ) . File of this system have a triangular cross-section design and jumping cutting borders. The BioRace system, with a new set of files, is different from the regular Race instruments with regard to the size, taper, sequence and shank codifications. The maker has claimed that using merely four instruments could accomplish the equal apical readying size ( 10 ) . Measuring the apical transit may be carried out by different techniques but it can be debatable as each technique has its ain restrictions and there is no associating gold standard method for it ( 11 ) . The dual radiographic ace infliction technique antecedently proposed by Maggiore ( ref ) is one of the most efficient, easy-to-use and cost effectual methods in which we can determine the maximal existent curvature of the canal ( 13, 14 ) . By this method, we are able to measure the radiogram taken earlier and after root canal readying to observe the aberrance from the original form of the canals. To the best of our cognition, no survey exists in the literature comparing the apical transit of the Reciproc and BioRace systems. Hence, this ex vivo survey was set up to step and compare the apical transit of these two rotary systems, while fixing the mesiobuccal root of the extracted human grinders.Materials and Methods:Sixty extracted maxillary grinders with mesiobuccal root curvature between 25Es to 45Es and the radius of curvature between 3.5 to 10 millimeters were selected to include in this survey during the undermentioned processs. Access pits were prepared utilizing a a†° 4 unit of ammunition diamond bur ( SS White Burs, Lakewood Inc, USA ) in a high-velocity handpiece and cooled with H2O. The presence of 2nd mesiobuccal canal was assessed utilizing stereomicroscope at 40N†¦ magnification and served as exclusion standards. The WL measuring was done by deducting 1mm from the length the file tip extruded apically when viewed under the microscope. Teeth with similar length were collected for this experiment. Each tooth was fixed in a crystalline plastic box and attached to a goniometer turntable which was stuck into a platform. A # 15 K-file was inserted in the root canal to the WL and several radiographic images were obtained as the turntable was bit by bit rotated. When the file in the root canal appeared directly on a radiographic position, the turntable was turned 90 grades where the maximal curvature of the root canal was seeable. This position was considered as the pre-operative form radiogram and the scenes were recorded as an index for the undermentioned radiogram. This process was performed for each sample. The grade of root curvature and the radius of curvature of the cardinal axis of the K- file were assessed by AutoCAD 2010 ( Autodesk, San Rafael, CA ) . Teeth with complete formed root and the aforesaid standards were selected and included in this survey. The selected samples were indiscriminately assigned into two experimental groups. A Plexiglas gigue was designed for confident standardisation of the experimental status. By this mean, quotable places of the X-ray cone and the detector would be assured during the survey for each sample. The double-digital radiographic technique was used to compare the apical transit in the same manner described in old publications ( 12, 15 ) In Group A, the samples were instrumented with BioRace files ( 08/ 25, 05/15, 04/25, 06/25 ) harmonizing to the industries ‘ instructions by a soft in- and- out gesture. Each instrument was removed from the canal when it reached to the WL and rotated without biting. In Group B, the samples were prepared with a R25 Reciproc file harmonizing to the makers ‘ instructions by a light reciprocating, in- and- out picking gesture. The instruments were removed from the canal after each three batchs to clean the gathered dust in flutes. It is noteworthy that all instruments of both groups were set in a Sirona ENDO 6:1 contra-angle handpiece ( Bensheim, Germany ) attached to an endodontic torque-limited electric motor ( VDW, Ag, Reciproc motor, VDW ) and all the processs were performed by one experient operator. Besides, no statistically important differences were observed between curvature angles and the radius of curvature of the selected root canals for each group by using Student ‘s t trial. In both groups, root canal irrigation was performed by alternate usage of 1 % Na hypochlorite and 17 % EDTA trisodium solution. A glide way was established before readying of the BioRace group merely as the maker of the Reciproc does non urge it. The patency was checked after utilizing each instrument in both groups. The prepared dentitions in each group were put on the constructed radiographic gigue at the once recorded grade of rotary motion. A postoperative radiogram was taken with the maestro apical traffic circle file inserted into the canal to the working length. All digital radiographic images were made by the Schick digital radiogram system ( Schick Technologies, Inc Long Island City, NY, USA ) . The images transferred to AutoCAD 2010 and the initial and concluding radiogram were superimposed. An independent expert, unaware of the survey processs, blindly measured the divergence from the initial K file to the cardinal axis of the maestro apical traffic circle file at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 millimeter from the vertex. The mean and standard divergences were obtained for each group and the Independent-Sample T trial was performed to happen statistically important differences between the two groups.Consequences:No dentition were excluded from the survey and all 60 samples were included in the statistical analysis. There was no incidence of instrument separation in any of the instances. Both groups showed little divergence from the original form of the canal. The apical transit induced by the Reciproc group was significantly greater than the BioR ace group in all distances ( P & lt ; 0.001 ) . The maximal apical transit was at 0.5 millimeter of the WL for Reciproc group ( 0.048 A ± 0.0028 ) and the lower limit was at 5 millimeter from the WL for the BioRace group ( 0.010 A ± 0. 0005 ) . In both groups the apical transit decreased when the distance from the WL increased. The average values of apical transit for each group are summarized in table 1.Discussion:One of the of import intents of the root canal readying scheme is to organize a bit by bit tapering outgrowth for the root canal while maintaining its original form ( 1 ) . However, some iatrogenic mistakes may happen during the defining of narrow and curving canals. Examples of these bad lucks are canals transit, cubitus or shelf formation and canal obstructor ( 16, 17, 18 ) . By definition described in 2003 by the American Association of the Endodontics apical transit will happen by remotion of the canal wall construction on the exterior of canal curvature. This procedural mistake takes topographic point owing to the leaning of the files to self-return to their original consecutive form during canal readying ( 19 ) . As Weine ( 20 ) stated, one time transit has occurred it is impossible to acquire back to the original canal form, peculiarly in curved canals. In other words, it may take to an hourglass-shaped at the apical terminal of the canal and go forthing septic mush tissue on untasted walls. It besides can take to a shelf or perforation if improper instrumentality continued ( 21 ) . Assorted surveies have demonstrated that NiTi rotary instruments in comparing to stainless steel files, can keep the original form of the canals better ( 23-28 ) . Among rotary systems, several studies have shown that the Race rotary system is capable of maintaining the original morphology of the root canal during instrumentality ( 5-9 ) . Until the clip of this survey, there are limited surveies sing the cleansing efficaciousness and determining ability of Reciproc rotary file system. In an appraisal by Burklein et Al ( 4 ) , the determining ability of Reciproc and WaveOne instruments in curving canals were compared with Mtwo and protaper rotary system. Their consequences confirmed that all tried instruments were safe and able to maintain the original curvature of the root canal. Similar findings confirmed once more in the following survey of these research workers ( Burklein 2012 ) . In another study which was performed in rosin simulated curved canals by Yoo & A ; Cho ( ref ) reve aled that Reciproc and WaveOne instruments had good defining ability and could keep the original canal curvature better than the Protaper & A ; Profile systems. In the current survey we evaluated the apical transit of a reciprocating single-file system alleged Reciproc with BioRace system, as a control, during readying of the mesiobuccal root of the extracted maxillary grinders. Numerous methods have been proposed to measure and compare the form of the root canals pre- and post-instrumentation. Radiographic imagination technique was selected for this survey since no physical interfering was required. Although, this method has some drawbacks like inability to detect 3-dimensional position and cross-section of the root canals ( 29 ) . For the radiographic rating of the apical transit, both the mesiodistal and buccolingual positions can be used, albeit they might non detect the existent transit. To get the better of this issue and show the extreme existent curvature of the canal, we took several radiographic projections in order to obtain the most approximative mentality of the canal. This method was besides antecedently used by Iqbal et Al ( 12 ) . The mesiobuccal roots of the extracted human maxillary grinders were preferred for our survey since they normally present highlighted curvatures and have mesiodistal flattening ( 30 ) . Roots with 2nd mesiobuccal canals were non employed as they might hold assorted anatomical constellations. To maintain the status of our survey similar to clinical pattern, the Crowns of the tooth were non resected as they might bring forth force per unit area on the files during root canal readying ( 31 ) . In this survey, extracted dentitions were used alternatively of rosin blocks. Resin stuffs have different mechanical belongingss in comparing to human dentition. As their hardness, compaction and snap are lower than dentin, the readying dislocations such as transit may happen with less frequence ( 32 ) . Furthermore, the possible created heat during instrumentality in rosin blocks may supple the rosin stuffs which may paste to the cutting blades ( 33 ) . To go through over any possible consequence of the air force per unit area on the torsion and velocity, electric torque-controlled motors, alternatively of air-driven systems, was employed in this survey ( 34, 35 ) . Irrigation was carried out by alternate utilizing of 1 % Na hypochlorite and 17 % EDTA trisodium solutions, as proposed by Peters et Al ( 36 ) and Hartmann et Al ( 37 ) . This irrigation method avoids smear layer compression generated during instrumentality, therefore suppressing the WL loss and minimising the likeliness of transit. Although the mutual gesture can be served as the promotion of the balanced-force gesture technique, which has intended for manus readying of badly curved canals ( 38 ) , but our consequences revealed that the Reciproc files were significantly produced more transit that BioRace group. This determination might be attributed to the superior flexibleness of the Race files or might be ascribed by the presence of crisp film editing borders in Reciproc files. It is noteworthy that the greater flexibleness of the Race files can be credited to their particular design and the sections on their on the job surface. In an probe by Rangel et Al ( 39 ) on determining ability of Race rotary instruments in fake root canals revealed that they were able to quickly fix the fake canals with small alterations in WL and few aberrances in canal constellation. These findings were in conformity with our consequences. Based on our findings, it may be speculated that the centered apical readying of a root canal may depends on the file design and its flexibleness or the instrumentality technique as besides stated by Bergmans et Al ( 40 ) . Wu et Al ( ref ) demonstrated that the apical transit more than 0.3 millimeter will negatively impact the root canal seal. In present survey, the apical transit values induced by either Reciproc or BioRace system were lower than the old published studies ( ref ) . Furthermore, it seems that these degrees of transit might non be within the clinical importance in which the quality of a root canal would be affected. Further surveies with different methodological analysiss should be performed to look into more on public presentation of endodontic instruments within the root canal and to measure the transit of the new instruments and techniques. In decision, we found that the BioRace system produced significantly less apical transit than the Reciproc system and retained the original form of the canal better.RecognitionsThe writers thank the Vice-Chancellery of Shiraz University of Medical Science for back uping this research ( Grant # 3644-03-01-90 ) . The writers would wish to thank Dr. Shahram Hamedani ( DDS, MSc ) for his column suggestions in the manuscript. Table 1. Apical transit ( millimeter ) at different distances from the working length Mean + SD Phosphorus BioRace Reciproc 0.5mm 0.038 A ± 0.0028 0.048 A ± 0.0028 & lt ; 0.001 1mm 0.034 A ± 0.0045 0.042 A ± 0.0028 & lt ; 0.001 2mm 0.028 A ± 0.003 0.035 A ± 0.0031 & lt ; 0.001 3mm 0.020 A ± 0.0008 0.025 A ± 0.003 & lt ; 0.001 4mm 0.012 A ± 0009 0.017 A ± 0.002 & lt ; 0.001 5mm 0.010 A ± 0.0005 0.011 A ± 0.00038 & lt ; 0.001 Fig 1. Average apical transit ( millimeter ) for the experimental groups

Care for the Elderly Essay

AIM/ trainThe purpose of this study is to address to family members or family guardrs for previous(a) lot with monomania a range of surveys, as reading perspective of those change. For the purpose of giving them an idea of well-read the early signs and symptoms of lunacy and the suggested c ar by the regaind staff involved in this study. To know and identify the problems of the soul having craziness, and as c bers, to know how to respond to these problem. Thus, the sr. plurality would meet their carrys and get out be looked after(prenominal).INTRODUCTIONThe definition of dementia is slightly simple. madness is a group of affections that mystify a permanent decline of some dusts ability to think, reason and wipe out his own life. Dementia is shitd by biological branches in spite of appearance the psyche that damage brain cells.They find a somebody to chip in impaired memory, forgetfulness and an inability to book refreshful information. To brook the ab ility to speak and be unders tood by an different(prenominal)s and the ability to understand written or spoken language. To lose the ability to plan, pick out good judgements and stockpile out multi-step tasks. To lose the ability to process and understand visual information.These losses smashed that a idiosyncratic with dementia house non pull off his own day-to-day and individualal c argon.The implications for a psyche with this diagnosis and her family lean be staggering.Dementia, regard little of its generate, is a progressive condition. It is piti equal and frightening illness for individual and dangerous for family members. The course of the illness whitethorn be gradual and some clocks subtle, as in classic completely(a)y seen in Alzheimers affection. It whitethorn be abrupt andcan be characterised by sudden episodes of deterioration as the case of Vascular Dementia, also cognize as multi infarct dementia. In Lewy be Dementia, the course of the illness white thornbe punctuated by episodes of confusion, hallucinations, and delusions and in fronto temporal dementia by insidious psycheality or behavioral changes.Today there be to a gr corrodeer extent than thousands of fri sackship with dementia here in Ireland. If this current demographic tr cobblers lasts to continue, this morsel is apt(predicate) to rise substantially in the culmination years. In the older population, dementia is the close frequent reason for long status the like. Because most form of dementia can non be cured, the aim of this treatment is to delay the disease progression And to maintain functioning and theatrical role of life.The purpose of this research is to conduct a study to understand the perspective of those affected is crucial prior to the festering of shell out slew with dementia and the impact on all those affected, for example, the soul with dementia, directionrs and family members.To understand the reflectivity application in day to day lif e.DEMENTIA AS A sicknessDementia is a syndrome due to disease of the brain, usually of a chronic or progressive nature, in which there is haphazardness of multiple higher cortical functions, including memory, thinking, orientation, comprehension, calculation, encyclopedism capacity, language and judgement. Consciousness is non clouded. The impairments of cognitive function are commonly accompanied, and occasionally preceded by deterioration in worked up control, social demeanor, or motivation. The syndrome make its in Alzheimers disease, in cerebrovascular disease, and in other conditions primarily or secondarily touch the brain.There are a number of different reasons some neurological and others purlieual why nation with dementia whitethorn exhibit challenging behaviours. Some behaviours, for example, are caused by a chemical dissymmetry in thebrain and whitethorn be directly think to the dementia scarce others whitethorn be precipitated by a myriad of psychosocial a nd surroundal factors much(prenominal) as room temperature (too hot or too cold), the psyches fatigue or malaise, he or she existence in pain, bored or frightened existence surrounded by unfamiliar faces. Agitation, aggression, quicksilver(a) and repeated questioning, for example, whitethorn be an conceptualisation of unmet train. The big paradox in dementia make do is that mess with dementia lease much time.If you take for dementia, or you are looking after psyche who does, you impart experience a range of realistic issues. passel with dementia can touch vulnerable as their condition progresses and they increasingly rely on other peck to do things for them. It is important that battalion who have dementia aroma reas domineering(predicate)d and keep uped, eyepatch retaining some level of indep quitence. Although some symptoms are common to many people with dementia, each souls experience of the disease will be different.When a individual with dementia finds t hat their mental abilities are declining, theyre likely to feel yearning, emphasize and s superintendd. They whitethorn be aware of their increasing inclemency and inability to commend things, and this can be precise frustrating and upsetting for them. If you are looking after someone with dementia, you can athletic supporter them feel more desexualise by creating a symmetrical casual routine in a relaxed environment where theyre encouraged and non criticised. Involving the soulfulness you look after in fooling tasks whitethorn polish off them feel serviceable and improve their sense of self-worth. They could function with the shopping, pose the table or sweeping move oers in the garden, for example. As the illness progresses, these tasks whitethorn fuck off inviolableer for them to manage one by one, and you may posit to surpass them more support. How can we be sponsor to people with dementia?Offer support crankly and try not to be critical of their att empts. It can be very important for them to feel that theyre settle down useful. In the early stages of dementia, memory supporter can be used nigh the house to help the someone retrieve where things are. For example, you could put pictures on cupboard doors of whats inside, much(prenominal) as cups and saucers. This may help to trigger their memory and enable them to retain their independence a littlelonger. retentivity up hobbies and interests when someone has dementia numerous people with dementia will lock up enjoy their hobbies or interests. For example, if they like cooking, they may be able to help make a meal. Going for a pass or gardening can rear act upon and fresh air. Or they may prefer listening to music or playing a board game. sympathize with for a pet cat or dog can bring a lot of pleasure to some people.If the individual you oversee for was very sociable and outgoing, or if they have a large family, they may really enjoy visits from one or two family members or friends. But imagine that they may struggle to keep up with conversations if they have a lot of visitors at the same time. Maintaining good health and fare in someone with dementiaIts important that the individual you foreboding for harmonise nutriments and gets some exercise. The longer they stay fit and healthy, the fall apart their quality of life will be. If the psyche you care for doesnt eat enough or eats pathologic intellectual nourishment, they can have susceptible to other illnesses. People with dementia can get under ones skin more confused if they get ill. green problems for people with dementia includenot recognising foodsfor getting what food they likerefusing or cough up out foodresisting existence provide postulation for strange food combineHow can we help?Involve the someone you care for. For example, if you feed them, you could put the cutter in their hand and help call for it to their mouth. You could also involve them in preparing food if they are able to.Try to stay calm. If you feel stressed at mealtimes, the soul you care for will probably be stressed too. shop sure you have peck of time for meals so you can withdraw with any problems that arise. Try to accommo see to it behaviour changes. Itslikely that the person you care for will change their eating patterns and habits everyplace time. Being aware of this and trying to be flexible will make mealtimes less stressful for both of you.People with incontinenceIncontinence can be ticklish to deal with and can be very upsetting for the person you care for. Its common for people with dementia to experience incontinence.A person with dementia may also simply forget to go to the commode, or may forget where the raft is. They may also have lost the ability to tell when they necessitate the toilet. Its important to be understanding, retain a sense of humour and remember that its not their fault. You may also requirement to try the surveilingPut a sign on the toilet door, much(prenominal) as a photo of the toilet discover the toilet door haveMake sure that the person you care for can access it easily make sure they can remove their turn some people with dementia can struggle with andtons and zips Look out for signs that they may need to go to the toilet, such as fidgeting and standing up and down.Helping someone with dementia with their personal hygienicsPeople with dementia can become anxious about certain aspects of personal hygiene and may need help with race. For example, they may be scared of falling when getting out of the bath, or they may become disorientated in the waste. The person may not want to be left entirely or they may resist washing because they find the lack of privacy silly and embarrassing, at which it is no longer dependable to leave the person alone, and never leave the person alone in the bathroom.a).Coaching the person through each step of clean, ex. by asking him or her to hold a washcloth or shampoo bottle. empty asking the person to do atask that is too difficult. Ask what time of day and what routine is scoop forbathing given the persons pickaxs and front routines. knock over whether a person may be afraid of wateror have a depth light impairment that may make entry a bathtub frightening. Respect the persons dignity by providing a towelto cover his or her body throughout the process. Consider the frequency of bathing. It may not benecessary for individuals to bathe every day. Be gentle. A persons skin may be very sensitive.Avoid scrubbing, and pat change instead of rubbing.A hand-held shower may help to wash hard to reach areas. Wash the most sensitive areas ultimately, including thehead, face and perineal area. Washing the persons hair may be the mostPeople with dementia a lot experience disturbed snooze. They may stir up up during the night or be restless. These problems may get worse as the illness progresses. People with dementia may also have painful illnesses such as arthritis that cause, or contri merelye to, sleep problems. Some medication can cause sleepiness during the day and interfere with sleep at night. Sleeping pills can be used with care in people with dementia. However, sleep hygiene measures are take up for people with dementia for example, no naps during the day, regular bedtimes and avoiding alcohol or caffeine at night.DRESSING Others do not feel dressing up is important and this choice should be equally respected. Attempt to profit this information from family if the person with dementia is inefficient tocommunicate. Simplify clothing choices for the person matchto his or her ability to choose. Give the person short, simple instructions whilehanding them an peak such as Put on your shirt.Sometimes just handing the person an peak ofclothing (without distinguishing anything) will speeddressing. Choose comfortable, simple clothing that on the loose(p) to put on and take off. Consider cardigans, or other clothing that buttons in the front, rather than pullovers. Substitute snaps or zippers for buttons. Keep in mind that if you alter a familiar routine or method, the person with dementia may have barrier learning something new, so try to followthe same routine and use familiar fasteners for as long as possible. Make sure the person has comfortable, sturdy non-slip shoeEATING AND DRINKING Dementia may lead to changes in eating or drunkennessing (e.g. eating more or less) because those affected by it may not be able to prepare meals, remember to eat or drink, remember when they last ate, know or be able to say that they are hungry or thirsty, or smell and taste in the same way they did before. A person with dementia may not be able to initiate the task of eating, but if a spoon is placed in his or her hand, he or she may begin to eat. It may become more difficult for the person with dementia to use up foods and liquids respectablely as dementia progresses. A person with dement ia may scraps to eat or drink because of bodily or emotional conditions at the end of life. . Help the person eat and drink what he or she likes, and provide food that meets dietary of necessity to promote health and risklessty. Help to make mealtimes pleasant and enjoyable involve family when the person and family are amenable. travelFalling is accidentally coming into middleman with the ground or another surface, like a table. Falls may elapse with or without injury and often reply from a loss of balance. People with dementia have a greater venture of falling because they can have problems seeing, thinking, moving, and balancing. The cause of falls can be relate to the persons abilities or situation environment. Personal risks include history of falls, depression, trance problems, muscle weakness, fear of falling, multiple medications, being tired, blood pressure problems, incontinence, and being ineffective to move or having difficulty with movement.environmental risks can includeConfusing environment and clutterSlippery footwear serious equipmentLack of stable furniture or handrailsSurfaces (e.g. floor, stairs, or ground) that are uneven, slippery or have glare Poor lighting, especially at night Weather conditions that may result in slippery surfaces, or heat exhaustion Rugs and door mats take hold out safety and maintain a persons ability to move within a living space by decreasing the risk of falls and related injuries. Encourage daily exercise to addition or maintain physical strength. move global describes the behavior of people with dementia who move about in ship canal that may appear pointless but often have purpose. range, like all behavioral symptoms of dementia, happens for understandable reasons. It may occur as a result of an unmet need for social interaction or friendship, a noisy environment, pain or distress, tediousness or other causes.Wandering is not necessarily a behavior that moldiness be stopped. Wandering can help a person remain physically fit and in a better mood. It can help aperson sleep better at night. Wandering can be dangerous when a person leaves shoes alone or goes into unsafe areas. Physical problems, such as injuries, health risks agitation, or death Wandering may happen because of many things that the person with dementia cannot express, including A need for food, fluids, exercise or the toilet Pain, a need to urinate, constipation, infection or medication effectuate A need for security or friendship Depression, anxiety, delusions or hallucinationsHOW CAN WE BE OF HELPHelp a person move about safely and independently and understand the difference between safe and unsafe wandering. Determine each persons need and ability to move about Wandering patterns, such as time of day it happens, events or places that cause it Other needs such as hunger, the need to go to the bathroom, or tiresomeness Mental abilities, especially safety cognisance and being impulsive by asking the perso n where is he/she at the moment, what is he/she doing in that place. Vision and hearing, make sure he wears his hearing aid if applicable or eyeglasses. Ability to move, do they need an aid for mobility like frame or stick. Emotional conditions that may relate to wandering, such as anxiety or depression, or maybe substitute for another activity. environmental hazards such as poor lighting, throw rugs and uneven floors make sure all the surroundings are clear from having an injury. The persons footwear and clothing is safe for them, not too tight and not too loose or not too slippery.EVALUATION/ CONCLUSIONThis studies conducted to date does provide sufficient evidence of care or less costly care with effectiveness for any of the interventions or suggestions make of how can we be of help by knowing early signs and symptoms of dementia and that the carers would be more familiar with these if they have older people at home or relative.Most of this research studies and feed lynchpin fro m the participants, a nursing staff and a health care assistant, the implementations or help suggestions have a very positive effects in regards of the care for people with dementia.Therefore, we believe that most of the complex needs of the people with dementia and their family carers can be met by primary care serve as well as community care services. However these services need to be individualized, comprehensive, accessible, flexible and delivered by competent well dexterous care provider. When we say community care, GPs are the first point of contact for the individual and family members worried about the signs and symptoms of dementia.We believe that the sooner we identify the problem the sooner we respond to it thus preventing major problems could occur.Inevitably, some people with dementia would be unbearable for the family members, so some people might end up attending acute care or A&E care, or being admitted as in patients to these hospitals. Dementia care hence being utilize by professional and well trained nursing staff or health care assistant. Thus, dementia care is being met in acute setting with pleonastic cost.Or some might end up that the family members could not cope up at home and they are already burdened so older people are being handed over to the care of nursing homesTherefore, the development of a more positive view of older people and old age and the turnout of the view of older life to hatch more than the health needs and the development of the view of responsiveness to needs is the best way forward to look after the elderly.RECOMMENDATIONSIn terms of the care for people for dementia, greater levels of resources are needed to affix the availability, accessibility and usefulness of person centred dementia specific services that support the abilities of people with dementia.Specific health and social care are needed or essential be revised to counter dementia.Families and carers must be involved in regards of grooming and d evelopment of dementia.BIBLIOGRAPHYBooks, ForestKnolls, CAFeil, Naomi. 1933. The Validation Breakthrough, open techniques for Communicating with People with dementia.Planning guidebook with Dementia care at home A reference Tool for Managing Care.Elements of breast feeding 1985.